1. First thing first:
To temporarily configure an IP address, you can use the
ifconfig
command in the following manner. Just modify the IP address and subnet mask to match your
network requirements:
sudo ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0
To configure a default gateway, you can use the
route
command in the following manner. Modify the default gateway address to match
your network requirements:
sudo route add default gw 10.0.0.1 eth0
To verify your IP address configuration of
eth0,
and
default gateway configuration, you can use the
ifconfig and route
command respectively in the following manner:
ifconfig eth0
route -n
If you require DNS for your temporary network configuration, you can add DNS server
IP addresses in the file
/etc/resolv.conf. The example below
shows how to enter two DNS servers to
/etc/resolv.conf, which
should be changed to servers appropriate for your network. A more lengthy description
of DNS client configuration is in a following section
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4
If you no longer need this configuration and wish
to purge all IP configuration from
an interface, you can use the
ip command with the flush option
as shown below
ip addr flush eth0
To configure your server to use DHCP for
dynamic address assignment, add the
dhcp method to the inet address family statement
for the appropriate interface in the file
/etc/network/interfaces.
The example below assumes you are configuring your first Ethernet interface identified as
eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
By adding an interface configuration as shown above, you can manually enable the
interface through the ifup command which initiates the
DHCP process via dhclient.
sudo ifup eth0
To manually disable the interface, you can use the ifdown
command, which in turn will initiate the DHCP release process and shut down the
interface
sudo ifdown eth0
To configure your system to use a static IP address assignment, add the
static method to the inet address family statement
for the appropriate interface in the file
/etc/network/interfaces.
The example below assumes you are configuring your first Ethernet interface identified as
eth0. Change the
address,
netmask, and
gateway
values to meet the requirements of your network.
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.0.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 10.0.0.1
By adding an interface configuration as shown above, you can
manually enable the
interface through the
ifup command.
sudo ifup eth0
To manually disable the interface, you can use the
ifdown
command.
sudo ifdown eth0
Loopback Interface
The loopback interface is identified by the system as
lo
and has a default IP address of 127.0.0.1. It can be viewed using the ifconfig command.
ifconfig lo
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:2718 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2718 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:183308 (183.3 KB) TX bytes:183308 (183.3 KB)
By default, there should be two lines in
/etc/network/interfaces
responsible for automatically configuring your loopback interface. It is recommended that you
keep the default settings unless you have a specific purpose for changing them. An example of
the two default lines are shown below.
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
2. To update and upgrade:
sudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf/
In the same file, write some lines as following:
Acquire::http::Proxy "http://usrname:password@x.x.x.x:80";
then save it and close, go for update the system list:
sudo apt-get update
This is for one step upgrade/version upgrade
:~$ sudo apt update && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt dist-upgrade -y && sudo apt-get install update-manager-core && sudo apt autoremove && sudo do-release-upgrade -d
3. sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
sudo apt-get install default-jre
4. sudo apt-get install appname --fix-missing
flash player, Gnash (Linux alternative for shockwave) skype, vlc, mplayer, gimp, cheese, miro, okular, remmina, flareGet download manager, rar,
sudo apt-get install browser-plugin-gnash
sudo dpkg -i foo.deb
If there is any dependency issues, fix them by:
sudo apt-get install -f
6. sudo apt-get install texlive
sudo apt-get install kile
7. list installed packages
dpkg -l
8. To upgrade individual software called foo type command:
sudo apt-get install foo
9. search available packages for foo
apt-cache search foo
10. remove package foo
sudo apt-get remove foo
sudo dpkg --force-all -r foo
11. Check if u have a 32/64 bit Ubuntu
uname -a
12. To copy and paste
sudo cp -a /path/to/folderWITHOUTASLASHATTHEEND! /where/you/want/folder/to/go
13. Modify the grub2
https://help.ubuntu.com/8.04/switching/dualboot-custom.html
14. Grub2 Tutorial:
http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/grub-2.html
15. Install CD/DVD burner: GnomeBaker
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/GnomeBaker
16. Install HP printer:
http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/index.html
17. Install from .tar.gz file:
tar -xzf archive-name.tar.gz
cd archive-name
./configure
make
sudo make install
18. Upgrade to the new version
Make sure your current version isn't too old to upgrade through packages. If it IS too old (for example, if you're using a non-LTS version that is a couple years old, then you'll need to grab an ISO and upgrade via CD/DVD. Best to not do this over SSH in case something goes wrong, but the upgrade process will open a non-standard SSH port for you (it alerts you to this) if you don't want to be or can't be by the machine.
Step by step:
Update and upgrade your apt-get modules:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Then begin the upgrade process:
sudo apt-get install update-manager-core
sudo do-release-upgrade
In case upgrade is getting cancelled and the current version is quite old then you might need to follow:
http://askubuntu.com/questions/501976/unable-to-upgrade-from-13-04-to-14-04
Also: https://repogen.simplylinux.ch/
https://myotragusbalearicus.wordpress.com/2014/12/02/ubuntu-recovery-mode-with-network-and-read-write-filesystem/
*Lubuntu/Documentation/UpgradeToLubuntu: Click here
19. Get rid of “Sorry, Ubuntu 13.10 has experienced internal error”
Its a legacy now. It started with Ubuntu 12.04 and continue till date. Though totally harmless, this crash report is extremely annoying. You can disable the apport by editing the following file:
gksu gedit /etc/default/apport
Now, in this file look for the line
# sudo service apport start force_start=1 enabled=1
Change the enabled=1 to enabled=0. For more detail steps, follow this article on how to get rid of the error permanently.
20. Alternatives:
Octave is for MATLAB
21. Ubuntu Server
http://www.htpcbeginner.com/lightweight-desktop-environment-for-ubuntu-server/
http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-install-gui-on-ubuntu-12-04-precise-server.html
22. You can add a PPA location with the command
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:
For example
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome-desktop
23. Printers
to view outstanding print jobs:
lpstat -o
to cancel ALL jobs:
cancel -a {printer}
24. "
lscpu" gives the info about CPU.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- कोई भी मूल्य एवं संस्कृति तब तक जीवित नहीं रह सकती जब तक वह आचरण में नहीं है.
