1. First thing first:
To temporarily configure an IP address, you can use the ifconfig command in the following manner. Just modify the IP address and subnet mask to match your network requirements:
To configure a default gateway, you can use the route command in the following manner. Modify the default gateway address to match your network requirements:
To verify your IP address configuration of eth0, and default gateway configuration, you can use the ifconfig and route command respectively in the following manner:
If you require DNS for your temporary network configuration, you can add DNS server IP addresses in the file
If you no longer need this configuration and wish to purge all IP configuration from an interface, you can use the ip command with the flush option as shown below
To configure your server to use DHCP for dynamic address assignment, add the dhcp method to the inet address family statement for the appropriate interface in the file
By adding an interface configuration as shown above, you can manually enable the interface through the ifup command which initiates the DHCP process via dhclient.
To manually disable the interface, you can use the ifdown command, which in turn will initiate the DHCP release process and shut down the interface
To configure your system to use a static IP address assignment, add the static method to the inet address family statement for the appropriate interface in the file
By adding an interface configuration as shown above, you can manually enable the interface through the ifup command.
To manually disable the interface, you can use the ifdown command.
2. To update and upgrade:
To temporarily configure an IP address, you can use the ifconfig command in the following manner. Just modify the IP address and subnet mask to match your network requirements:
sudo ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0To configure a default gateway, you can use the route command in the following manner. Modify the default gateway address to match your network requirements:
sudo route add default gw 10.0.0.1 eth0To verify your IP address configuration of eth0, and default gateway configuration, you can use the ifconfig and route command respectively in the following manner:
ifconfig eth0route -nIf you require DNS for your temporary network configuration, you can add DNS server IP addresses in the file
/etc/resolv.conf. The example below
shows how to enter two DNS servers to /etc/resolv.conf, which
should be changed to servers appropriate for your network. A more lengthy description
of DNS client configuration is in a following sectionnameserver 8.8.8.8 nameserver 8.8.4.4
If you no longer need this configuration and wish to purge all IP configuration from an interface, you can use the ip command with the flush option as shown below
ip addr flush eth0To configure your server to use DHCP for dynamic address assignment, add the dhcp method to the inet address family statement for the appropriate interface in the file
/etc/network/interfaces.
The example below assumes you are configuring your first Ethernet interface identified as
eth0auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp
By adding an interface configuration as shown above, you can manually enable the interface through the ifup command which initiates the DHCP process via dhclient.
sudo ifup eth0To manually disable the interface, you can use the ifdown command, which in turn will initiate the DHCP release process and shut down the interface
sudo ifdown eth0To configure your system to use a static IP address assignment, add the static method to the inet address family statement for the appropriate interface in the file
/etc/network/interfaces.
The example below assumes you are configuring your first Ethernet interface identified as
eth0. Change the address,
netmask, and gateway
values to meet the requirements of your network.auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 10.0.0.1
By adding an interface configuration as shown above, you can manually enable the interface through the ifup command.
sudo ifup eth0
To manually disable the interface, you can use the ifdown command.
sudo ifdown eth0
Loopback Interface
The loopback interface is identified by the system as lo and has a default IP address of 127.0.0.1. It can be viewed using the ifconfig command.ifconfig lo
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:2718 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2718 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:183308 (183.3 KB) TX bytes:183308 (183.3 KB)
/etc/network/interfaces
responsible for automatically configuring your loopback interface. It is recommended that you
keep the default settings unless you have a specific purpose for changing them. An example of
the two default lines are shown below.
auto lo iface lo inet loopback
2. To update and upgrade:
sudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf/
In the same file, write some lines as following:
Acquire::http::Proxy "http://usrname:password@x.x.x.x:80";
then save it and close, go for update the system list:
sudo apt-get update
This is for one step upgrade/version upgrade
:~$ sudo apt update && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt dist-upgrade -y && sudo apt-get install update-manager-core && sudo apt autoremove && sudo do-release-upgrade -d
3. sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
sudo apt-get install default-jre
4. sudo apt-get install appname --fix-missing
flash player, Gnash (Linux alternative for shockwave) skype, vlc, mplayer, gimp, cheese, miro, okular, remmina, flareGet download manager, rar,
sudo apt-get install browser-plugin-gnash
One can get the flash player from: http://archive.canonical.com/pool/partner/a/adobe-flashplugin/
5. install file foo
5. install file foo
sudo dpkg -i foo.deb
If there is any dependency issues, fix them by:
If there is any dependency issues, fix them by:
sudo apt-get install -f
6. sudo apt-get install texlive
sudo apt-get install kile
7. list installed packages
dpkg -l
8. To upgrade individual software called foo type command:
sudo apt-get install foo9. search available packages for foo
apt-cache search foo
10. remove package foo
sudo apt-get remove foo
or
sudo dpkg --force-all -r foo
11. Check if u have a 32/64 bit Ubuntu
uname -a
12. To copy and paste
sudo cp -a /path/to/folderWITHOUTASLASHATTHEEND! /where/you/want/folder/to/go
13. Modify the grub2
https://help.ubuntu.com/8.04/switching/dualboot-custom.html
14. Grub2 Tutorial:
http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/grub-2.html
15. Install CD/DVD burner: GnomeBaker
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/GnomeBaker
16. Install HP printer:
http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/index.html
17. Install from .tar.gz file:
18. Upgrade to the new version
tar -xzf archive-name.tar.gz
cd archive-name
./configure
make
sudo make install18. Upgrade to the new version
Make sure your current version isn't too old to upgrade through packages. If it IS too old (for example, if you're using a non-LTS version that is a couple years old, then you'll need to grab an ISO and upgrade via CD/DVD. Best to not do this over SSH in case something goes wrong, but the upgrade process will open a non-standard SSH port for you (it alerts you to this) if you don't want to be or can't be by the machine.
Step by step:
Update and upgrade your apt-get modules:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Then begin the upgrade process:
sudo apt-get install update-manager-core
sudo do-release-upgrade
In case upgrade is getting cancelled and the current version is quite old then you might need to follow:
http://askubuntu.com/questions/501976/unable-to-upgrade-from-13-04-to-14-04
Also: https://repogen.simplylinux.ch/
https://myotragusbalearicus.wordpress.com/2014/12/02/ubuntu-recovery-mode-with-network-and-read-write-filesystem/
*Lubuntu/Documentation/UpgradeToLubuntu: Click here
http://askubuntu.com/questions/501976/unable-to-upgrade-from-13-04-to-14-04
Also: https://repogen.simplylinux.ch/
https://myotragusbalearicus.wordpress.com/2014/12/02/ubuntu-recovery-mode-with-network-and-read-write-filesystem/
*Lubuntu/Documentation/UpgradeToLubuntu: Click here
19. Get rid of “Sorry, Ubuntu 13.10 has experienced internal error”
Its a legacy now. It started with Ubuntu 12.04 and continue till date. Though totally harmless, this crash report is extremely annoying. You can disable the apport by editing the following file:
gksu gedit /etc/default/apport
Now, in this file look for the line
# sudo service apport start force_start=1 enabled=1
Change the enabled=1 to enabled=0. For more detail steps, follow this article on how to get rid of the error permanently.
20. Alternatives:
Octave is for MATLAB
21. Ubuntu Server
http://www.htpcbeginner.com/lightweight-desktop-environment-for-ubuntu-server/
http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-install-gui-on-ubuntu-12-04-precise-server.html
22. You can add a PPA location with the command
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome-desktop add-apt-repository 'deb http://packages.linuxmint.com/ julia main'
23. Printers
to view outstanding print jobs:
24. "lscpu" gives the info about CPU.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- कोई भी मूल्य एवं संस्कृति तब तक जीवित नहीं रह सकती जब तक वह आचरण में नहीं है.
to view outstanding print jobs:
lpstat -o
cancel -a {printer}
24. "lscpu" gives the info about CPU.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- कोई भी मूल्य एवं संस्कृति तब तक जीवित नहीं रह सकती जब तक वह आचरण में नहीं है.
आपका ब्लॉग पसंद आया....
ReplyDeleteकभी फुर्सत मिले तो नाचीज़ की दहलीज़ पर भी आयें-
ReplyDeleteGeneral Startup
To use vi: vi filename
To exit vi and save changes: ZZ or :wq
To exit vi without saving changes: :q!
To enter vi command mode: [esc]
Counts A number preceding any vi command tells vi to repeat that command that many times.
Cursor Movement h move left (backspace) j move down k move up l move right (spacebar) [return] move to the beginning of the next line $ last column on the current line 0 move cursor to the first column on the current line ^ move cursor to first nonblank column on the current line w move to the beginning of the next word or punctuation mark W move past the next space b move to the beginning of the previous word or punctuation mark B move to the beginning of the previous word, ignores punctuation e end of next word or punctuation mark E end of next word, ignoring punctuation H move cursor to the top of the screen M move cursor to the middle of the screen L move cursor to the bottom of the screen
Screen Movement G move to the last line in the file xG move to line x z+ move current line to top of screen z move current line to the middle of screen z- move current line to the bottom of screen ^F move forward one screen ^B move backward one line ^D move forward one half screen ^U move backward one half screen ^R redraw screen ( does not work with VT100 type terminals ) ^L redraw screen ( does not work with Televideo terminals )
Inserting r replace character under cursor with next character typed R keep replacing character until [esc] is hit i insert before cursor a append after cursor A append at end of line O open line above cursor and enter append mode
Deleting x delete character under cursor dd delete line under cursor dw delete word under cursor db delete word before cursor
Copying Code yy (yank)'copies' line which may then be put by the p(put) command. Precede with a count for multiple lines.
Put Command brings back previous deletion or yank of lines, words, or characters P bring back before cursor p bring back after cursor
Find Commands ? finds a word going backwards / finds a word going forwards f finds a character on the line under the cursor going forward F finds a character on the line under the cursor going backwards t find a character on the current line going forward and stop one character before it T find a character on the current line going backward and stop one character before it ; repeat last f, F, t, T
Miscellaneous Commands . repeat last command u undoes last command issued U undoes all commands on one line xp deletes first character and inserts after second (swap) J join current line with the next line ^G display current line number % if at one parenthesis, will jump to its mate mx mark current line with character x 'x find line marked with character x NOTE: Marks are internal and not written to the file.
Line Editor Mode Any commands form the line editor ex can be issued upon entering line mode. To enter: type ':' To exit: press[return] or [esc]
ex Commands For a complete list consult the UNIX Programmer's Manual
READING FILES copies (reads) filename after cursor in file currently editing :r filename
WRITE FILE :w saves the current file without quitting
MOVING :# move to line # :$ move to last line of file
SHELL ESCAPE executes 'cmd' as a shell command. :!'cmd'